Bio:Cell And Cell Division

Q•What happens to an animal cell when placed in a hypertonic solution?
A•In a hypertonic solution water is most likely to move out of the cell because it is in a high concentration and the cell will shrink. They tend to give up water across the permiable cell membrane

Q•Why is the nucleus called the director of the cell?
A•Nucleus (biology), membrane-bound structure of a cell that plays two crucial roles. The nucleus carries the cell’s genetic information that determines if the organism will develop, for instance, into a tree or a human; and it directs most cell activities including growth, metabolism, and reproduction by regulating protein synthesis (the manufacture of long chains of amino acids). The presence of a nucleus distinguishes the more complex eukaryotic cells of plants and animals from the simpler prokaryotic cells of bacteria and cyanobacteria that lack a nucleus.

Q•What are the factors that determine the structure or shape of cell.
Ans•Cytoskelteton is network of protein fibres throughout a cell. This scaffolding maintains the shape of cell. Another structural component is cell membrane a fluid of phospholipids. It is lipid bilayer separating the room of cell into organelles and from outer space.

Q•What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion?
A•Osmosis is the phenomenon of the movement of solvent particles (in general, water) from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration. Diffusion, on the other hand, is the movement of solutes from a region of higher solute concentration to a region of lower solute concentration.
Osmosis can be considered the movement of water (solvent) whereas diffusion can be considered the movement of solutes, caused by a concentration gradient
Q•Name two types of ribosomes?
A•Ribosomes are small particulates that consist of protein and ribonucleic acid. These particulates play a role in the translation process; the ribosomes translate messenger RNA.
If the ribosome is suspended in the cytosol, it is considered a free ribosome. If the ribosome is connected to the endoplasmic reticulum, it is a bound ribosome. They can also be referred to as detached and attached ribosomes, respectively. Both types of ribosomes have similar functions, and it is acceptable to use both terms interchangeably.
Free ribosomes create proteins within the cytosol, while bound ribosomes create proteins for use outside of the cell or in the membrane of the cell.
•What are the differences between cell organelle and cell inclusion
Ans.:Cellular Inclusions are nonliving bodies, by-products of cellular metabolism present in the cytoplasm, such as pigment granules, fat droplets, or nutritive substances (also called metaplasm).
Cellular Organelles are differentiated structures within a cell, such as a mitochondrion, vacuole, or chloroplast, that perform a specific function.
OR•A>cell organelle >
1>cell organelles are components and subcomponent of cell.
2>they are living structures .
3>they are capable of growth.
4>perform metabolic activity.
5>formed inside the cells.

B> cell inclusions
1>substances present in component and subcomponent of cell.
2>non living
3>they are storage ,excretory or secretory materials.
4>they may be exported from the cell.
5>may be formed inside the cell or obtained from outside.
•A.Choose the correct (1mark)
1• What is the functional and structural unit of life ? (Neurone/Cell/Cytoplasm ; (iv) Golgy body)
2• In which stage of mitotic cell division does the nuclear membrane disappear. (nroohase/cl telophase/ anaphase/metaohase)
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3• In which phase of mitosis cell division does the nuclear membrane reappear? (a)Prophase (bl Metaphase ; (c) Telophase ; (d) Anaphase.
4• In which type of cell division does the reproductive cell produce ? (a) Amitosis ; (b) Mitosis : (c) Meiosis ; (d) None of these.
5• In which type of cell division crossing over happens ? (a) Amitosis : (b) Mitosis : (c) meiosis ; (d) None of these.
6• In which phase DNA replication takes place ? (a) Inter-phase ; (b) Prophase ; (c) Metaphase ; (d) Telophase.
7• DNA Synthesis takes place in which phase ? (a) GG (b) S; : (d) Go
8• How many cell will be obtained after mitosis?
9• In which phase of cell division the chromosomes are attached to the spindle fibre at the equatorial plane of the cell— (a) Prophase (b) Metaphase ; (c) Anaphase ; (iv) Telophase.
10. What is called the type of chromosome where centromere is present at the end point ? (a) Metacentric ; (b) Acrocentric ; (ej Telocentric (d) Submetacentric.
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11• Which is the sex chromosomes in a male body— (a) XX (c) X?_ ; (d) None of these.
12• In which type of cell meiosis cell division takes place ? (a) 2erm cell : (b) primordial germ cell ; (c) somatic cell ; (d) none Of these.
13• The number of autosome in a human body is— Or, What is the number of autosome in human somatic cell 2 : (d) 22. 14.
14• The phase of mitotic cell division in which two sister chromatids are separated (a) prophase ; (b) Metaphase ; (c) Anaphase ; (dj Telophase (Madhyamik 2011)
15• In an animal cell division the spindle fihre is formed bv— raj Centriole ofcentrosome: (b J C',toplasm: (c) Microtubules; (dj Ribosome.
16• What is the structural unit of DNA helix 2 (a) Amino acid ; (b) Mono saccharide ; (c) Nucleotide ; (d) polysaccharide.
17• In which phase of cell division can the chromosome be observed clearly? (a) Prophase (b) Metaphase ; (c) Telophase ; (d) Anaphase.
18• In which phase of cell cycle the cycle stopped ?
19• Which N2 base is absent in DNA ? (a) Adenine ; (b) Guanine ; (c) Uracil ; (d) Cytosine.
20• Which NZ base is absent in RNA ? (a) Adenine ; (b) Guanine : (c) Thymine ; (d) Uracil.
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21• How many number of chromatids are there in a chromosome?
22. The phase in which "nucleolus" reappears during mitosis cell-division is— (a) Prophase ; Metaphase ; (c) Anaphase ; (d) Telophase. (Madhyamik 20.12)
23. In which type ofcell the amitosis cell division takes place ? (al Bacteria (h) Human ; (c) Hydra ; (dj None of these. 24. What type ofrihosorne is found in prokaryotic cell ? 70S (b, SOS 40S : (d) 30S. 25. Which is the long term phase in a cell cycle ? 27. Cell organelle which participates in respiration is— (a) Golgi bodies (h) Mitochondria ; Nucleus (dj Chloroplast. (Mudhyamik 200 'If 38. The chromosome bearing centromere at the terminal end is called (aj Metacentric chromosome ; (b) Submetacentric chromosome ; (c) Acrocentric chromosome ; (d) Telocentric chromosome. (Mt7dhva,nik 20081 29. Amano the follwin which one is applicable to normal male in human? (a) 44A XX xy ; (c) + xxy ; XYY (Madhyamik 2007 j
•795-B. Fill in the blanks : (Each carrying I mark' two chromosomes determine the human mate sex ? nitrogen base that 's present only in RNA and not in DNA, 3. Cell plate is formed in cell division. 4. The nuclear membrane disappears in division. staae of mitotic cell type of ribosome present in a prokaryotic cell. C. Answer the question in full sentence : (Each carrying I murk) l. In which type of cell division nucleus and cytoplasm divide directly? (Madhayrnik 2009) 2. Which tvpe of cell division is called direct division? 3. Which type of cell division is observed in a bacterial cell ? Or, Which type of cell division is binary fission in amoeba? 5. 6. 9. (Sample question 2011-'12) In which part of a chromosome spindle fibre is attached? Which type of nitrogen base present in DNA but absent in RNA? What are the two sex chromosomes in a male? What are the two sex chromosome in a female? In which type of cell division the number of chromosomes in a daughter cell is equal to the mother celi? How many daughter cells are produced in mitotic ceil division?
•795-10. ll. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 21 _ 22. (Sam-de question 2011-'Y2) Write the names of two ceils that are situated in Go phase After a meosis cell division how many daughter cells are formed by a mother cell? W'hich type of cell division is called reductional division? What is the name of nuclear division? In which phase of mitosis do the nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear? In which phase of mitosis do the nuclear membrane and nucleolus reappear? In which phase of mitosis does the centromere divide ? In which phase of mitosis two chromatides of a chromosome separate ? (Madhyamik 2008) How does the cytokinesis happen in a plant ? In which type of cell division is the ceil plate formed ? What is the process of cytokinesis in an animal cell ? In which phase of mitosis does the chromosome look like 'V' ' t,' 'J' ? In which phase of cell cycle does DNA synthesis lake place? In which phase of cell division does chromosome split into two? In which type of cell division is spindle formed ?
•796-25. 26. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. SECONDARY TEST WW. In which type of cell division does the number of somatic ceil increase? In which tvpe of cell division does the number of Serm cell increases? In which tvpe of cell division the chromosome situated at the equatorial plane of the cell? What is the type of secondary constriction ofa chromosome that participates in reforming nucleolus? Write the name of that region of chromosome where centromere is situated? Write the name of the chromosome where centromere is absent. What is the source of energy for cell division in eukaryotic cell? Which cellular organelles play a role in cell division? Write a name Of a cell without nucleus. Write the name of the pentose sugar present in DNA. Write the name of the pentose sugar present in RNA. In which type of cell division the number of germ cell increases? In which type of cell division, spindle is not formed ? (Madhyamik 2011) Write one difference between cytokinesis of plant cell and animal cell (Madhyamik 201 Oj Name a nitrogen base that is present only in RNA and not in DNA? (Sample question 2011- ' 12) What types of sex chromosomes are found in the cells of human body? auestion 2011-'12)
•796-41. 2. (Sample Z O I - ' 121 By which eukaryotic chromosomes remain attached with the "spindle. fibres" ? Answere the following question : What is centromere? (Madhyamik 2012) (Each carrying 2 marks) Write the classification of chromosome on the position of centromere. What is chromonema? Write the composition of nucleotide. What is the pyrimidine base of DNA? What is the purine base of DNA 0 What is direct cell division or what is amitosis cell division? Where does Mitosis cell division occur in plant and animal? 3. 5. 6, 7. 8. 9. to. 13. 14. 16. Why is mitosis called equal division? What is indirect division or why mitosis is called indirect division? What is GO phase ? What is the significance of'S' phase? What is the significance Of interpñse? What is the difference between mitosis meiosis cell division? t.r,ample quesrion 201 i- ' What happens if centro;orne is absent in an animal cell? Write the effect if after karyokineffi, t'.tokinesis does not take place,
•797-Or, 17, 18. 19, 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 2 3. What win be happen ifcytokinesis does not occur after cetl division in an animal cello rSumple question 2011- What is -NOR" What is the relation between chromosome and gene? Write the difference Of mitosis in plants and animals. Write the difference between centriole and centromere inlnimatq What is cell How does occur in an animal cell? 1k 20081 f.t'ùdiryarnik 20071 Write two distinguishing features of mitosis and amitosis. ik 201 What are the different tvpes of chromosome and how many chromosomes of each type are found in a somatic cell of a human? (Sample question 2011- ' 124 What is chromatid? Which sex chromosome is present in human male but (Sample question 2011-.12) not in female? fMudhvum1k 201 Il Write two significance of meiosis ceil division. Write one structural and one functional differences between DNA and RN A. Answer the following questions : (Madhyamik 2012) (Each currying 3 marks) Describe in brief the morphological structure of an eukaryotic chromosome, (Madhyu„tik 2008) Write notes on composition of chromosome in an eukaryotic cell. (Madhyurmk 20081 Write the different components of chromosome.
•797-3. 4. 5. 6. 8. 10. 11. 12. 13. (Madhyamik 2008) Write the different components of chromosome. Write three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (Mudhyamik 2010, 2012) Differentiate between DNA and RNA. Diffenentiate between amitosis and mitosis. (Madhyamik 2007) Meiosis is essential in sexual reproduction—explain. Mention few characteristics of anaphase stage in mitotic cell division In which region of cell the chromosomes are arranged during metaphase staoe of cell division ? What is cell cycle ? (Madhya,nik2011) Define cell cycle. Mention the phases ofcell cycle. (Sample question2011- ' 12) What is cytokinesis ? 'Mention two differences between cytokinesis of animal cell and plant cell. (Sample question 2011-'12) What is oene ? In which cell of an organism does meiosis take place ? What is amizosis ? In which cell division cell plate is formed ? (Sample question 2011- 14. Why mitosis is called 'equational division' and meiosis as 'reductional division' ? Where does the meiosis cel division occure '121
•798-SECONDARY TEST OUESTION F. Answer the following question : (Each carrying 5 marks) l. What are the differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell? In which 2. 3. 5. 6. or, 7. 8. part of a plant does mitosis take place? What will be the chromosome nurnùr of mesophyll tissue cells and male, gametes in a flowering plant. where 2n-18. What is the relation between cell division and growth? What is the difference between plant and animal cytokinesis? What is cell cycle? Write the phase and sub phase of cell cycle. Write three features of inter-phase. Write the features for anaphase and telophase in mitosis of animal. What is gene? Why mitosis is called equal division? Discuss two phases of mitosis cell division. What is the longrerrn phase ofmitosis? Discuss what happens in this phase. Discuss the features for prophase in mitosis Write two differences between mitosis and meiosis. Explain two significance of meiosis. What is the function of centromere during cell division? (Sample question 2011-72) What do you mean by 'cell-cycle'? What is the relation between chromosome and chromatid? Write a difference between centriole and centromere in an animal cell. (Sammie question 20! I - '
•798-chromosome and chromatid? Write a difference between centriol£ and centmmere in an animal cell. (Sample question 201 J- ' • r 2' 9, When does 'DNA' synthesis occur during interphase ? Describe briefly the proces -cvrokinesis in anirml cell". Name the cytopusrnic organelle that helps in the formation of-cell plate" in dividing plant cell. G. Draw the following question : r,Wudhyumik 20121 (Each currying 8 mruksl l. Draw the second and third phase ofmitosis, for an animal cell. Mention the name of thoqe phase and label two parts of each phase. Or, Draw the second & third phases of karyokinests of mitotic cell division in animal and label the followine parts : Centriole, Astral rays, Equatorial plarue, chromatid. 'Sample question 2011. ' 2. Draw a diagram of the first and second stages of mitotic division of an animal cell and name each oftwo stages with labelling of any pans of 20071 Or, Draw a neat diagram of prophase and metaphase of mitosis in animal cell and label the following part' : centriole, ceruromere, chromatid and spindle tibre. Draw the second and third staees Of mitotic cell division in plants and label any two of its pans in each stage (Sumplequesnon 2011-121 (2 — x 21+1 +2 =
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•LIFE SCIENCE 4. Draw the last two phases of karyokinesis of mitotic eel' division in plants and label the following parts. chromosomal fibre, chromatid, centromere and cell plate. 5. Draw a neat diagram each of plant and animal cytokinesis stage of mitotic cell division and lebel the following : daughter nucleus. phragrnoplasl, cell-plate, centrosome. cytoplasm and (Madhyarmk 20 furrowing of cell membrane. 
• Medical Entrance
• Cell is a unit of j Structure Function.
•The modern cell theory i. called VA' Protopla*mie Theory (Bi Cell Principle (C ) Cell rwtrine tDJ Both B and C.
•Which ones do not have cellular structure (B r Rirkettaia (C j Viruses
•Robert Hooke diK0vered cell in 'C) Mau of protoplasm . D' MI the atove.
•Study of cell structure under micro-scope is: Cell Biology/Cytology/Cytochemistry/Microanatomy.
•Study of cells in all aspects is Cytotaxonomy/Cytology/Cell BiologCytochemistry.
•Cells were observed prior to Robert Hooke by:1665/1545/1595:A Aristotle/Bauhin Mai pighi ID Either.
•'Micrographia' was written by (A' Grew Brown Hooke Lamarck. 5. Who initiated eel] concept IA. Robert Hooke VB' Leeuwenhœk (D and Sohwann. 6. Cell wu discovered by Cell theory was first modified by CA. Schleiden Grew. Omnis cellula e cellula is generaliëðtiott oeu (A) Lamarck 'C) ueuwenhœk 1B) Du tra:het Virthow , (R_P.M.T. 201," 'AJ Swanson Robert Hooke (B' Leeuwenhœk ID j Robert Brown. AF.M.C. 1997, 1998' 7. The eeli was discovered in (Al 18th Century (Bi 19th Century half Of 17th Century 'Dy kond half of 17th Century. Cells of Robert Hooke were actually 'B' Protopla.u VA) Cell walls Walled Wall-lees cells Cell principle i. not applicable