Bio:Adaptation

BIO• ADAPTATION
•821-Choose the correct answers from the alternatives : (Each carrying I mark) To adjust with the surrounding atmosphere is known as— (a) Evolution ; (b) Adaptation ; (c) Ecology ; (dj Ecosystem. The theory of structural, natural and physiological permanent change of an organism is given by— (a) Buffalow ; (b) Osborn ; (c) Sympson ; (d) Odum. One of the purposes of adaptation is— (a) to fight ; (b) to save ; (c) to be alive ; (d) to restore heredity. The primarily adapted animal in water is— (a) Whale (b) Birds ; (c) Crocodile ; (dj Fish. The secondary adapted animal in water is— (a) Fish ; (b) Snail ; (c) Sponge ; (d) Crocodile. One aquatic mammal is— (a) Whale ; (b) Shark ; (c) Crocodile ; (d) Frog. Adaptation in aquatic environment is called— (a) Hydrophyte : (b) Xerophyte ; (c) Halophyte ; (d) Mesophyte. Adaptatžon in land is known as— (ai Hvdr
•821-8. 10. ll. 12. 13. 14. 15. Or. 16. (a) Whale ; Shark : Crocodile ; (d) Frog. Adaptation in aquatic environment is called— (a) Hydrophyte (b) Xerophyte ; (c) Halophyte ; (d) Mesophyte. Adaptation in land is known as— (a) Hydrophyte ; (b) Xerophyte ; (c) Halophyte ; (dj Mesophytc. Adaptation of climbers is known as— (aj Halophyte : (b) Epiphyte ; (c) Xerophyte ; (d) Mesophyte- One submerged plant is— (a) Marsilea ; (b) Waterlily : (c) Algae : (d) Water hyacinth Submerged underground stem of lotus is called— (a) rhizoid ; (b) rhizome : (c) stem : (d' stem hair. For adapiation in water the thalamus of lotus becomes— (a) Big : (b) Small ; (c) Spong ; (d) Solid and heavy. Lotus is reproduced mainlv— (a) Vegetatively : (b) Sexually ; (c) Asexually ; (d) Parthenogenetically. Which organ in cactus is modified into spines ? (a) Stem ; (b) Leaf ; (c) Root : (d) Tendril. (Sample questton 2011-'12) The leaf like flat, fleshy green part of opuntia is— Siem : (b' Leaf; (c) Phylloclade (d) Cladode. Phylloclade is found in— (a) Cactus ; 1b) Lotus ; (c) Sundari ; (dj Pea piant. (Sample question 201 Pneumatophores are proent in— Halophytes ; (b) Xerophyzes ; Hydrophytes ; (d) Mesophites.
•822-17. Mangrove vegetation is found in— raj Har_aribagh : Jhargrarn ; Jangalmahal ; (d) Sundarban., 18. What kinds of roots are found in mangrove plants ? (a) Stilt root ; (b) Pneumatophores (c) Seminal root ; (dj Fibrous root. 19. What kinds of roots are found in sundari plants ? (a) Root barress ; (b) Stilt root ; (c) Seminal root ; (d) Nodular root. 20. Scales of rohu fish is known as— (a) Placoid (b) Cycloid (c) Ganoid ; (d) None. 21. Respiratory organ of crocodile is known as— (a) Gill ; (by Lungs ; (O Bookgill ; (dj External gill. 22. One climber is— {a) Rushna ; (b) Aparajita ; (c) Pea ; (dj Cucumber. 23. The Win2 of pigeon— (a) Helos in flight; (b) Helps equilibrium : (c) Locates direction ; (d) None, Name the muscle which helps in locomotion Of fishes— 24. (a) Biceps ; (b) Triceps : (c) Myotome ; (d) Intercaustal. Viviparous germination is found in— 25. (a) Coconut tree ; (b) Palm tree ; (ç)Sundari Tree ; (d) Date tree. An example of rhizome is— 26. (a) Lotus ; (b) Potato ; (c) Raddish ; (d) Corn, Function ofswirn bladder of fish— 27. (a) fioat in water : (b) maintain buoyancy ; (C) swun in water : (d) none. Leaf modified into tendril— 28. fay cucumber ; (b) passion flower : (O pea ; (dj none.
•822-Shrunken stomata is found in— 79. (a) Lotus ; (b) Vallisneria ; (c) Water hyacinth ; (d) None. Birds can locate from very high by— 30. (a) Retina : (b) Sclera (c) Choroid ; (d) Pecten. For flying adaptation, birds are adapted by— 31. (a) Small size ; (b) Shape of the body ; (c) Spongy bones ; (d) Muscular Helps to find out the direction in fish— 32. (a) Pectoral fins ; (b) Dorsal tins ; (c) Anal fins ; (d) Caudal Fins. Air bladder is found in the body of— 33. (a) Fish ; (b) Toad ; (c) Birds ; (d) Snakes. Double adaptation is found in— 34. (a) Snakes ; (b) Toad : (c) Birds ; (d) Fish. Blubber is present to control body temperature of— 35. (a) Whale : (b) Shark ; (c) Bird ; (d) Dolphin. Fore arm modified into wing in— 36. (a) insects ; (b) Birds : (O Bat (d) None.
•823-38. 39. 40. 41. 42, 43 _ 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. Patagium is found in— (a) Birds : (bj Bat ; Fish : (d) None. Body of birds does not wet in water, due othe presence of (a) Sweat glands (b) Oil glands (c) Glossy body surface ; (d) None. Lateral line sense organ is found in— (a) Fish ; (b) Toad ; (c) Bat : (d) Snake. Look ing glass tree is known as— (a) Lotus ; (b) Water lily ; (c) Sundari : (d) Opuntia. Pneumatophore is found in— (a) Cactus ; (b) Lotus : (c) Sundari ; (d) palm tree. Another name of mangrove plant is— (a) Xerophyte ; (b) Halophyte : (c) Epiphyte ; (dj Mesophyte_ Animal lives in the hole or cavity— (a) Squirrel : (b) Guineapig ; (cl Snakes' ; (d) Sloth. A cartilagenous fish is— qa) Shark : (b) Dolphin : (c' Bhetki (d) Hilsa. Lotus multiplies in the following process— (a) Vegetatively ; (b) Asexually ; (O Sexually ', (d) Fragmentationly. A cactus plant is— (aj Lotus ; (b) Aloevera ; (c) Brinjal ; (d) Rose. Badavan is known as— (a) Sundarban (b) Bhitarkanika (c) Duars (d) None. Secondary aquaiie adaptation is found in— (a) Whale , (b) Fish ; (c) Spider (d) None. Cave adaptation is found in—
•823-(a) Sundarban ; (b) Bhitarkanika : (c) Duars (d) None. 48. Secondary aquatic adaptation is found in— (a) Whale (b) Fish ; (c) Spider (d) None- 49. Cave adaptation is found in— (a) rat ; (b) tiger ; (c) salamander ; (d) snake. 50. Phylloclade is a— (a) Modified leaf ; (b) Modified stem ; (c) Neither leaf nor£tern ; (d) (Madhyamik 201 Oj Modified petiole 51. Stomata are present on the upper surface of— 2. 4. 5. 6. (a) Mango leaf ; (b) Sundri leaf ; (c) Cactus leaf; (d) Lotus leaf. (Madhyumik 2012) Answer the following questions in a complete sentence : (Eucli currying murk} What is it called to adapt himself with the environment ? What does the animal do to adapt himself with adverse environmental condition ? Name two plants adapted in water. Why does the petiole of lotus become spiny ? What is called rhizome? How do vou find the Stem of lotus?
•824-10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 25. What is the nature of root of a lotus? What is called 'mrinal'? How can lotus live in long period? Where is stomata found in lotus? How does pollination occur in lotus? What is called Hallophyte? In which plant can you find shrunken stomata? In which type of plant does viviparous germination occur? In which plant do you find rootbatress? In which surface of leaf is stomata found in sundari plant? What is called the fleshy leaf like green part of opuntia? What is called phylloclade? Why does the stem of opuntia look green? What do you know about latex? What is the modification of leafof a cactus? Which soil is known as 'Physiologically dry soil'? (Aladhva.;nik. 2 Which plants have breathing roots? Give an example ofstructurai modification of an animal due to adaptation
•824-25. '6. 28. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36 , 37. 39. 41. 43, 44 _ 45. 46 _ 47. 49. Give an example modification Of an arirnai due 10 adaptation, Who invented adaptive radiation theory? Name one plant Where biadaptatiotr is found. Aquaric adapta:ien of af adaptation is it? Name one secondary aquatic animal. Name one prirnzrv aquaric animal. Name one primar,' velant animal. Name one secondar.- volant animal. The plant urows in dry environment - whar kind ofadaptation is it? Give an example of a mesophyte What kinds of thalamus arc found in lotus? What kinds of roots are found in lotus? Whv du cactus plants store water'? Give an important feature of fins effishes. What is the name of respiratorv or2an of fishn How many paired and unpaired fins are found in rohu fish? What is the function of swimhladder of a fish? V.Ivere do ',ou find myotorne muscle'? Whet is the function of internal ear of a fish? How manv air sacs are found in pigeon? What is pectin? Wherekeel is found? In whit.:h animal do we find spongy bones? What rectEiccs and remiges? Where do'you find venuS heart?
•825-50. What is patagium? 51. What is nictitating membrane? 52. What are the advantages of fish body to become boat shaped? Or, How does the body shape help in the adaptation of rohu fish? 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. or, 61. 62. 63. 64. (Madhyamik 2009) Why do floating plants have no root hair? Name one muscle of bird which helps in locomotion. Which ovary of bird has become atrophied due to Volant adaptation? Why do feathers of birds not tear in air? Name one animal who can walk in desert. What is flipper? In which animal is echolocation system found? What is the function of pneumatophore in sundari plants? In which plant does pneumatophore help in gaseous exchanae? (Sample question 2011- ' 12) Write two functions of lateral line sense organ Of rohu fish, (Madhyamik 2010) (Madhyamik 201 Why is the vision of pigeon very sharp? Name an organ in the sundari plant that has undergone adaptive (Sample question 2011- 'i 2) modification. What sorts of changes are found in xeroph'ic plants to reduce rate of (Y.1uÅvumik 201 transpiration in respect of position of stomata ?
•825-Answer in two or three sentences : What is adaptation? How many types of adaptation do you know? What is convergent adaptation? Give example. What is divergent adaptation? Give example. What do you mean by adaptive radiation? What is double adaptation? Give example. (Each carrying 2 marks) 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 8. 9. 10. ll. 12. 13. 14. 15. What do you know about preadaptation? Give example. Mention two important purposes of adaptation in plants and animals. (Sample question 2011-'12) What is hydrophyte? How many types of hydrophytes are found and what are these ? What is floating hydrophyte? Give an example. What is heterophylly ? Give an example. Give the salient features of leaf of submerged plants. What is called hallophyte? Name a haliophyte vegetation in West Beneat. What are called the desert plants? Why are thev so called? What kinds ofplants are grown when water and mineral in the soil become normal ? Give an example. 
•826-16. 17, 18. 19. 20. Which are epiphytes? What kind of root is found in-epiphytes to wrap the host plant? Whar kinds of roots are found in epiphytes? Give salient features of the roots. Give two salient features of plants for defensive adaptation, Whzžt are thorne and prickle? In which plant are these found? 'Whv has sternum of pigeon become boat shaped? What is stinging hair? In which plant is it found? What is raphide? Where is it present? What is aerisirna? How do they 100k like9 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. Name one parasitic plant. What kinds of roots are found in those plants? Write two flying muscles in pigeon. Which are creepers? Give an example What do you mean by eye of tuber? Which plant multiplies by this process? Name one partlv submerged plant. Is there any stomata? Give two features ofioot of lotus. What is the stem of lotus? Is there any hair in the stem? What do you mean by rnrinal? Why are they containing air space? What kind or shape is found in the leafoflotus? Where is the waxy material found in the leaf of lotus? What kind of structure is found in lotus? What kind of longevity is found in the seed Of lotus? How do they tolerate the adverse environment?
•826-35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. Or, the adverse environment? What are the functions of the stem of cactus? Name the plant where phvllode is found. Which part ofmotiification is it? What is latex? Why do some xerophyte plants collect latex? Which is the modification of cactus leaf? What are the advantages of such modification? is sundari tree called 'looking glass tree'? Which salt has become high in the physiologically dry soil? Name two manerove forests of India. Name two plants which grow in mangrove veeetation. How does sundari tree collect oxygen from air? Hew do pneumatophores help in the adaptation of sundari plants? (Madhyamik 2011 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. What is root butress? In which tree is root butress found ? Give two adaptive peculiarities in the leaf of sundari tree. Which techniques are followed by cactus plant to prevent evaporatiõn? In which plant does eermination of seed take place and when is it on tree? What is called this type of germination? What are called climbers and creepers? Which kinds of organs are found in the creepers to hold the host plant?
•827-50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. or, 62. 63. 64. Name one leaf tendril and one stem tendril. Which part of plant is modified into tendril? What kind of adaptation is found by the growth of tendril? HOW does leguminous plant collect nitrogen from the air? Name two fishes possessing accessory respiratory organs. Which are called primary and secondary volant animals ? Give an example of each. What kind of adaptation is found in the animals which live on the tree? Give an example of such adaptation. Give two characteristic features of fish to move faster in water. What kinds of functions are performed by fish with the help of their fins? Why do fins contain fin-rays in fishes? Which fish can jump on mud or can climb on trees? Which fins help them in such kinds of movement? What kinds of scales are found in fish body? Name the scales, Why does fish have swim bladder? How does swim bladder help fish in swimm ing? What is the role ofswim bladder in aquatic adaptation of rohu fish? Madhyamik 2007) By which organ can you identify a primary aquatic animal? What is the function of that organ? How many gills are found in fishes? What are the functions of the gills? What is called the 'V ' shaped muscles of fishn What are the advantages of
•827-64. What is called the 'V • shaped muscles offish? What are the advantages of these muscles? Or, What is the role ofmyotome muscle in the aquatic adaptation of rohu fish? 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. (Sample question 2011-'12) What is web foot? What is the function of web foot? Which fish has some accessory respiratory organ? What is the need of these oæans? How is the accessory respiratory organ of singhi fish9 What is the name of accessory respiratory organ of Magur and Anabas9 What functions are performed bv lateral line sense organ of fishes? Which part is modified into beak of birds? What do you know about burb and barbules? What are called remiges and rectrices? Name two flvino muscles of pigeon. What kinds of modification of bones are found in birds due to flying adaptation? What is the name of respiratorv organ of birds? Why are their respiratorv oæans hilhly modified? What is the name of oil gland of birds? Why do thev have oil glands? What kind of modifications is found in the eye of birds for strong eyt si!ht ?
•828-78. 79. 80. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 8. Name one organ of frog for land and water movement. Write the importance of adaptibility' of sundari plants. What is the necessity of developing breathing roots in Sundari plant ? (Madhyamik 2012) Answer the following questions in two or three sentences : (Each carrying 3 marks) What is the relation between evolution and adaptation? What are convergent and divergent adaptation? Explain with examples. What is biadaptarion? In which animal and plant do you observe biadaptation? What is the importance of adaptation? What do you mean by temporary corelation? What is the relation between adaptation and temporan corelation? How manv types of adaptation are found in plants? Give one example for each type of adaptation. What is hydrophy? How do aquatic algae and Water chestnut adapt in water? How are submerged aquatic plants adapted under water? Why are they called amphibious plant? How do plants store food for future?
•828-9. 10. 11. 13. 14. Or, 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. called amphibious plant? How do plants store food for future? Give example of each type. Give three adaptive modifications of lotus. Write adaptive peculiarities of petiole and flower stalk of lotus. What kind of adaptation is found in lotus flower? Give three adaptive peculiarities of desert plants. What adaptive peculiarities are found in cactus stem? Give the salient features of cactus stem. Describe any three adaptive features Of cactus. (Madhyamik 2009. ' Which are called hallophytes? Write adaptive modification of hallophytes. What kinds ..f changes are found in the root of sundari plant ? What kind - 1' adaptive changes are found in leaf of sundari plants? What is viviparous germination? What kinds of plants multiply by viviparous oermination? What kinds of adaptation are found in fish body due to aquatic mode of Write adaptive modification ofrohu fish to live in aquatic environment. What is called volant adaptation? Name one volant adaptive bird and a mammal. Discuss in brief any three volant adaptations of pigeon. (Madhyamik 20101 Or. Explain one anatomical and one morphological features of pigeon for voiarit [Sample question 2011- ' 121 adaptation.
•829-23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 30. 31. 32. 33. Or, Wrrte any three adaptive features of pigeon related to flight. (Madhyamik 20081 (Sample question 2011-.12) Which organ of pigeon attrophies due to fly in the sky? What are the flight muscles of birds? What do you mean by pre and post adaptation? Give example of each. What are the advantages and disadvantages of viviparous germination? What are the respiratory organs of primarily adapted and secondarily adapted aquatic animals? What are the conditions of primary aquatic adaptation? Write the importance of pneumatophore of sundari plants in mangrove vegetation. Why can sundari plants not absorb water from physiologically dry soil? Why is the shape of the body of fish significant for aquatic environment? Why is lateral line sense organ of fish significant for aquatic mode of livina? Why is accessory respiratory organ important for adaptation of some fishes? How do feathers help birds in adaptation? Why does lotus leaf have a waxy coating? Give adaptive peculiarities of lotus leaf. Write down the significance of modifications of lotus leaf for aquatic adaptation.
•829-lotus leaf. Or. Write down the significance of modifications of lotus leaf for aquatic (Sample question 2011- ' ada ptation, 34. Mention the role of— (i' wing ; (iij night muscle and Iii1Ì air-sacs in Volant adaptation in pigeon. E. Distinguish between : (a) Primary and secondary adaptation (b) Convergent and divergent adaptation (c) Phyllode and phylloclade. (dj Haltophyte and xerophyte_ (e) Xerophyte and mesophyte. (f) Mesophyte and epiphyte. (gi Creepers and climbers. (N 'adhyamxk 2012) (Each carrying 3 marks) (h) Primary and secondarv Volant animals. (i) Primary and secondar aquatic adaptation. (j) Primarv and secondary volant adaptation. (k) Respiratory arun and accessory respiratory organ. F. Answer the following : (Eurh carrying 5 marks) What is adaptation 9 Discuss one adaptive feature each of root, stem and leaf of a lotus plant. (Madhyamik 20,' i Or, Describe one adaptive feature each ofroot, stem and thalamus of Lotus plant„ 'Mudhyunnk '
•830-2, What is adaptive radiation? Whar do you mean by convergent and divergent adaptation? Explain with examples. What is called biadaptation? Explain biadaptation of an animal and of a, plant with example. 4. What is the importance of adaptation? What is the relation between adaptation and evolution? 5. What do you mean by morphological, anatomical and physiological adaptation? Explain the following adaptations with special reference to lotus plant. 6. Which are called hydrophytes? How many types of hydrophytes do you know? Give an example of each type of hydrophytes. 7. How many types of adaptation are found in plants? Give definition and example of each type of adaptation. S. What kinds of modifications are found in root, stem and leaf of a lotus plant due to be in water? Why does lotus live a tong life? 9. Write salient features of lotus, Explain briefly the physiological adaptation of lotus. 10. Which are called cactus? What kinds of structural peculiarities does cactus have? Give example of two cactus. I l. Which are called xerophytes? What kind of physiological adaptation is found in xerophvles? 12. How have root, stem and leaf of cactus adapted to live in desert? Which are called ephirneral plants? 13. Which are called hallophytes? Name two hallophyies which are found in Sundarban. What is called this kind of vegetation'
•830-14. 15. 16. 17. ed hallophytes'! Name two hallophytes which are found m Sundarban. What is called this kind of vegetation? Why is sundari plant called looking glass tree? What kinds of adaptive peculiarities are found in sundari plants? What is pneumatophore? In which plants are pneumatophores found? What is the role of pneumatophores in respiration? How do sundari plants entangle tooether? What kinds of adaptive modification are found in the stems of sundari plants? What is viviparous germination? Which plants are multiplied by this process? How does oermination occur in this process? 18. Explain adaptative features of following organs of sundari plants (a) root, (bi stilt root, (c) root-batress. (d) stem, (e) leaf 19. How manv types of environmental adaptations are found in animals? Give example of each type of adaptation. 20. What do you mean by defensive adaptation? Give example Of defensive adaptation of two animals and two plants. 21. What is called morphological adaptation? How manv tvpes ofrnorÿologial adaptations are found ? Give example of two morphological adaptation. 22. What is called primary aquatic adaptation? What kinds of morphological chanoes are föund in this type of adaptation? Do you think that snail is a primarv aquatic animal ?
•831-23. 24. 25. Or. Or, 26. 27. 28. What do you call the animals which flu' in air? Explain the primary adaptive modification of those animals. In which animals is true flight found? What kinds of structural changes arc found in animals living in desert? What is Called ephirnerals? What kinds of morphological changes are found in body shape, respiratory system and swim bladder offish due to aquatic mode of living? How does fish reproduce? Define adaptation. What are the roles of lateral-line and swim bladder in fish for adaptation in the aquatic environment? (Sample question 2011- ' 12) Mention important adaptive features Of Rahu fish for swimming in water Explain the role of air-bladder to maintain hydrostatic balance. (Sample question 20 Jl-. 12) What is the importance of accessory respiratory organ? What kinds of accessory respiratory organs are found in singhi, magur and anabus? Is gill present in these fishes? What are the important organs of flight? How many types of feathers are found in birds? What are remiges and rectrices? Describe three adaptive features of lotus. Mention the role of pecten and air sacs in the adaptation of pigeon. Draw a labelled picture : (Madhya,'" ik 20001) (Each currying S marks) Draw a lotus plant and label any six adapted features.
•831-2. 3. Euch carrymg 8 mans Draw a lotus plant and label any six adapted features. Draw pneumatophores of sundari tree along with root batress and stem and label the relevent pans. Draw a diagram ofa Rohu fish and label the following features related to aquatic adaptation. (i) Gill (ii) Scales (iiij Lateral line (ivj Pectoral fin (v) Eye (vi) Tail fin. (Madhyamik 20081 Or, Draw a neat diagram of Rohu fish and label the following parts : mouth, gills. caudal fin, anal fin, pectoral fin, lateral line. (Madhyumik 20121